Stable ischemic heart disease (risk factors, diagnostic, treatment)

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Stable ischemic heart disease is now often discussed under chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) or chronic coronary disease (CCD). It means coronary artery disease during a relatively stable phase, usually caused by fixed atherosclerotic narrowing, with symptoms appearing when myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply. Modern guidelines emphasize a stepwise approach: first rule out acute coronary syndrome, then estimate likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease, confirm ischemia/anatomy with appropriate testing, and treat with lifestyle, risk-factor control, disease-modifying drugs, antianginal therapy, and revascularization when needed. ([American College of Cardiol