№ 18Endocrinology15 min read
Osteoporosis
1. Big picture
Osteoporosis is a silent systemic skeletal disease in which bone strength is reduced, so a low-energy fall can cause a fracture. The exam logic is simple:
low bone mass + damaged bone microarchitecture → fragile bone → vertebral, hip, distal radius, and humerus fractures
The examiner wants you to know:
- How to define osteoporosis.
- Who should be screened.
- How to interpret dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using T-score.
- How to distinguish osteoporosis from osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, metastases, and myeloma.
- How to treat: lifestyle, calcium/vitamin D, fall prevention, antiresorptive drugs, anabolic drugs.
- When to use bisphosphonat
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