Diabetes mellitus: chronic complications

1. Big picture

Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus are the long-term vascular, neural, renal, ocular, and foot complications caused by persistent hyperglycemia plus associated risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and insulin resistance.

For the oral exam, the examiner mainly wants you to organize them into:

| Group | Main complications | Core exam idea | | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------