№ 10Rheumatology17 min read
Disorders of bone metabolism and bone turnover: osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, osteomalacia, osteonecrosis
1. Big picture
These four diseases are commonly confused because all can cause bone pain, fractures, deformity, or abnormal imaging, but the mechanisms are different:
| Disease | Core problem | Key exam clue |
|---|---|---|
| Osteoporosis | Low bone mass + fragile microarchitecture | Fragility fracture, low DEXA T-score, normal Ca/P/ALP |
| Osteomalacia | Poor mineralization of osteoid |
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