Neurological complications in chronic dialysed patients

1. Big picture

Patients with chronic renal failure and chronic dialysis can develop neurological complications from several mechanisms:

1. Uremia itself — accumulation of toxic metabolites.
2. Rapid osmotic shifts during dialysis — especially early or aggressive dialysis.
3. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances — sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, acidosis.
4. Hypertension and vascular disease — stroke, hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalopathy.
5. Coagulation and platelet dysfunction — bleeding risk, subdural hematoma.
6. Dialysis-related toxins — historically aluminum intoxication causing dialysis dementia.
7. Peripheral nerve complications — uremic pol