Lesions of the ovary

1. Big picture

“Ovarian lesion” is an umbrella term. In the exam, do not jump straight to “ovarian cancer.” First classify the lesion clinically:

Ovarian lesion
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Functional cyst?
Benign neoplasm?
Endometrioma?
Inflammatory/tubo-ovarian mass?
Torsion/rupture emergency?
Hormone-producing tumour?
Malignancy?

The examiner wants you to show a safe clinical workflow:

Pelvic pain / mass / bloating / menstrual disturbance / infertility
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Check age + pregnancy status + haemodynamic stability
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Pelvic examination + transvaginal/transabdominal ultrasound
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Assess benign vs suspicious ultrasound features
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Use tumour markers according to age and suspected tumour type
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