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19Neonatology16 min read

Frequent congenital heatt diseases.

1. Big picture

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important neonatal topics because some lesions are duct-dependent and can cause sudden collapse when the ductus arteriosus closes.

The examiner wants you to recognize three neonatal patterns:

  1. Cyanotic newborn Think: right-to-left shunt, mixing lesion, pulmonary outflow obstruction, transposition.

  2. Newborn with shock after a few days of life Think: duct-dependent systemic circulation, especially hypoplastic left heart syndrome, critical coarctation, critical aortic stenosis.

  3. Newborn with murmur but otherwise well Think: VSD, ASD, PDA, mild valve stenosis — but always assess oxygen sat

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