Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders — General Principles

1. Overview & Epidemiology

Core terminology (Kaplan & Sadock). DSM-5/5-TR collapsed the old DSM-IV split of abuse + dependence into one spectrum, substance use disorder (SUD), graded mild/moderate/severe. The older terms still appear in the Hungarian oral exam and in ICD-10, so know them:

• Abuse — chronic, maladaptive self-administration deviating from approved social/medical patterns, causing impairment or distress (failed role obligations, hazardous use, legal problems, interpersonal problems). It does not require tolerance or withdrawal.
• Dependence — pattern of compulsive use defined by ≥3 areas of impairment within 12 months. Subdivided into:
  • *