Surgical diagnostics

1. Big picture

Surgical diagnostics means recognizing whether a patient has a condition that needs conservative treatment, urgent intervention, elective surgery, or no surgery. In surgery, diagnosis is not only “what disease is it?” but also:

What is the diagnosis?
How severe is it?
Is the patient stable or unstable?
Is there a surgical emergency?
Is surgery indicated?
Can the patient tolerate surgery?
What operation or intervention is safest?
What complications must be anticipated?

For the exam, always think like a surgeon:

History → examination → red flags → labs → imaging/endoscopy/biopsy
→ diagnosis + severity + staging
→ indication/contraindication
→ o