Preparation for surgery, postoperative complications

1. Big picture

This topic is about the perioperative surgical pathway:

Before surgery → make the patient as safe as possible
During surgery → perform the correct operation under safe conditions
After surgery → detect complications early and treat them before organ failure

For the exam, the key idea is:

Good surgery is not only the operation. It is diagnosis, indication, consent, preparation, anesthesia planning, prophylaxis, postoperative monitoring, and early recognition of complications.

The two biggest oral-exam themes are:

1. Preoperative preparation: reduce preventable risk.
2. Postoperative complications: recognize early warning signs such