Surgical treatment of morbid obesity

1. Big picture

Morbid obesity is not simply excess body weight; it is a chronic metabolic disease associated with diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, infertility, osteoarthritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, depression, and increased operative risk.

Bariatric/metabolic surgery is the most effective long-term treatment for selected patients with severe obesity. It works not only by restriction or malabsorption, but also by changing gut hormones, satiety, bile acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and appetite regulation.

For the surgery final exam, the examiner wants:

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