Minimally invasive techniques in surgery

1. Big picture

Minimally invasive surgery means performing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures through small access routes instead of large open incisions. The goal is to achieve the same surgical objective with less tissue trauma, less pain, faster recovery, fewer wound complications, and shorter hospitalization.

The examiner wants you to understand:

Indication → patient suitability → access technique → safe visualization → operative task → specimen/drain management → conversion if unsafe → postoperative recovery

The most important oral-exam sentence:

**Minimally invasive surgery is not “small surgery”; it is major surgery through small access, and safety is mor