№ 5Cardiology16 min read
Acquired valvulopathy: mitral valve diseases
1. Big picture
Mitral valve disease mainly means mitral stenosis (MS), mitral regurgitation/insufficiency (MR), and mitral valve prolapse (MVP).
The examiner wants you to answer four things clearly:
-
What is the valve doing?
- MS = valve does not open → obstruction from left atrium to left ventricle.
- MR = valve does not close → systolic backflow from left ventricle to left atrium.
- MVP = leaflet prolapse into left atrium; may cause MR.
-
What chamber suffers first?
- MS → left atrium first.
- MR → left atrium and left ventricle volume overload.
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What is the key investigation?
- **Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with Do
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