Acquired valvulopathy: aortic valve diseases

1. Big picture

Aortic valve disease mainly means:

1. Aortic stenosis (AS) = the aortic valve does not open properly → pressure overload of the left ventricle.
2. Aortic regurgitation / aortic insufficiency (AR/AI) = the aortic valve does not close properly → diastolic backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle → volume overload.

The examiner wants you to recognize the opposite bedside pictures:

| Disease | Core mechanism | Classic pulse | Classic murmur | Main LV response | | ------------------------ | ------------------- | ----------------------------