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№ 5Endocrinology15 min read

Euthyroid goiter, nodular goiter, iodine deficiency

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This topic is about thyroid enlargement with normal thyroid function and the evaluation of thyroid nodules. The key exam logic is:

Goiter = enlarged thyroid. Euthyroid goiter = enlarged thyroid with normal thyroid hormone function. Nodular goiter = one or more thyroid nodules inside an enlarged thyroid. Iodine deficiency = classic cause of diffuse goiter and later multinodular goiter.

The most important clinical questions are:

  1. Is thyroid function normal, hyperthyroid, or hypothyroid?
  2. Is there compression of the trachea/esophagus?
  3. Is any nodule suspicious for malignancy?
  4. Is the goiter caused by iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease, auton

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