Cystic renal disease, renal tubular disease, hypo- and hyperkalaemia

1. Big picture

This topic has three connected parts:

1. Cystic renal disease — structural kidney disorders with renal cysts, especially autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
2. Renal tubular disease — disorders of tubular transport causing acid-base, electrolyte, water, phosphate, glucose or amino acid abnormalities.
3. Hypo- and hyperkalaemia — potassium emergencies and diagnostic reasoning.

Core exam idea:

Glomerular diseases usually present with proteinuria/hematuria. Tubular diseases present with electrolyte, acid-base and concentrating defects. Cystic diseases present with enlarged cystic kidneys, hypertension, hematuria, pain, infection, stones