№ 14Nephrology15 min read
Acute kidney injuries, recognition, prevention, prerenal and postrenal renal failure
1. Big picture
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline in kidney function causing reduced glomerular filtration rate, accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, electrolyte/acid-base disturbance, and often reduced urine output.
The examiner wants you to classify AKI quickly into:
| Type | Main problem | Typical correction |
|---|---|---|
| Prerenal AKI | Too little renal perfusion | Restore effective circulating volume/perfusion |
| Intrinsic renal AKI | Kidney parenchymal injury | Treat cause, avoid further |
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